APPENDIX I
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English and two French naval officers plus a president who in alternate months is the English or French naval officer commanding in these waters. Neither naval force may act separately nor, except when authorized by the joint Commissioners, jointly. An exception, however, is made to both these rules in emergencies.
It will be seen from the above, that joint protectorate is equivalent to joint annexation and students of history will be reminded in some of its details of the two consuls of ancient Rome, of the Schöffengerichte of Germany, and of the complications of recent Egyptian history.
APPENDIX II
THE CONSTITUTION" OF THE AT7STBALIAN COMMONWEALTH
The legislative powers of the Australian Commonwealth are vested in Pai'liament which consists of the King, Senate, and House of Representatives.
The Senate represents each State ; 2 - 3 > 4 and each of the six original States has six Senators. The federating States appoint the Senators 2 ' 3 ' 4 by the unusual method of direct election. Each State constitutes one electorate until Parliament otherwise determines, and the Senators are chosen for six years/' one half of them retiring every three years, so that here, as elsewhere, 1 ' 2 , 3 - 4 the times at which the Senate and the other House are chosen do not coincide. Parliament may alter the number of Senators but not the proportion to which each original State is entitled. The franchise of the electors and the qualifications of the elected are the same as those for the House of Representatives.
Unlike the German ' Bundesrath Swiss ' Council of States ', and U.S. Senate, the Australian Senate is purely deliberative, 1 and a replica, in its functions, of the other House, except that it cannot initiate, 1 - 3 and may only advise on money bills, which, however, must relate to money and nothing else.
1 As in Canada. 2 As in Germany.
3 As in the United States. * As in Switzerland.