CHAPTER VIII

CONVICTS AND EMIGKANTS; LAND LAWS AND CONSTITUTION

J 'ears.

1821-7

1828-31

1S32-7

1838

1839-40

1841

1842-4

1845

1846-7

1848-9

1850-1

1852

Average annual arrivals (xioo) of

Emigrants to

Australasia. N.S. IV.

6

15 1 34 ; 140 : 158' 326

47

8

36 * 2 So 188 878

102 98 2 73 25 5 6

170

95 764

Convicts to

N.S. IV.

N.S.W.

Population

per 100. Bond. ' Free.

-)0

40 36

11

i-3 0.8

0.8 1

60

60 64

82

89

9S.7 99.2 99.2 ;

x 100. Total.

608 770

M97 J 733

2465 2655 2 5 1 5 ;

J 'ear.

1819

1833 1836

1841

1844

1849 1850 1854

Three wants zvere:

(1) want of labourers.

In addition to the desert-bar, there were three checks or obstacles to extension : want of labourers, want of land-laws, and want of credit. These three wants provoked outcries which were mutually connected, and out of ' three sounds ' there arose ' not a fourth sound, but a star '.

The first want was want of labourers. The supply of free labourers was deeply affected by a great change which

1 To N.S.W., Tas., and W.A., 1829 et seq.

2 Includes Vic, 1835 et seq. ; S.A., 1836 et seq. ; N.Z., 1839 e ^ se( l'

3 Canadian rebellion, 1838. * Mines in S.A. N.Z. recovers. 5 Excludes Vic.