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ARBITRATIONS AND APPEALS.

THE department of the "Bremen Cotton Exchange" which deals with questions relating to actual cotton, has a staff of sworn classers. It is their duty to fix, with the aid of the various Standards, the class of cotton, or to pronounce an opinion on it, or to settle the disputes between buyer and seller, as far as they refer to the quality of cotton.

American cotton is divided into a number of classes, and each has its Standard. Originally, these Standards were ob* tained from Liverpool, but later on, Bremen produced the Standards independently. There are original Standards and Standard copies,- the former, remain unchanged, while the latter are renewed every year, because, through constant use, they are liable to deteriorate. The freshly made up Standards are subject to the examination and approval of a Committee, elected for that purpose, and whidi consists of Members of the Trade and the Industry. The sworn classers are nominated by the directors, and concern themselves solely with the classing and arbitrating of cotton. They have sworn a solemn oath, to conduct their orfice with absolute impartiality,- this is further safeguarded by the fact, that the names of the parties interested are kept strictly

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