The Germans who settled in the Cavalier colony in large numbers about the middle of the seventeenth century seem to have been attracted chiefly by the profitable tobacco business. The most highly educated citizen of Northampton county in 1657 was probably Dr. George Nicolaus Hacke, a native of Cologne. (Philip Alexander Bruce, "Social Life of Virginia in the Seventeenth Century", Richmond Va., 1907, p.260). Thos. Harman- son, founder of one of the most prominent Eastern Shore families, a native of Brandenburg, was naturalized October 24, 1634, by an act of the Assembly. (William and Mary College Quarterly, ed. L. G. Tyler, Williamsburg, Va., I, 1892, p. 192). Johann Sigismund Cluverius, owner of a considerable estate in York County, was ostensibly also of German birth. (From "The First Germans in North America and the German Element of New Netherland," by Carl Lohr. G. E. Stechen & Co., New York, 1912).
"WAR IS HELL" — Just what this pronouncement of General Tecumseh Sherman means is best illustrated by some quotations which John Bigelow, military historian and author of "Principles of Strategy," communicated to the New York "Times" during June 1915 from the military literature of the Civil War :
Sherman to Grant, March 9, 1864: "Until we can repopulate Georgia it is useless for us to occupy it ; but the utter destruction of its roads, houses, and people, will cripple their military resources. By attempting to hold the roads we will lose a thousand men each month and will gain no result. I can make this march and make Georgia howl." (Memoirs, II., 152).
Hood (Confederate) to Sherman, Sept. 9, 1864 "....the unprecedented measure you propose transcends, in studied and ingenious cruelty, all acts ever before brought to my attention in the dark history of war. In the name of God and humanity, I protest."
Messrs. Calhoun (Confederate), Rawson (Confederate), and Wells (Confederate), Mayor and Councilmen of Atlanta, to Sherman, Sept. 11, 1864: "Many poor women are in advanced state of pregnancy; others now having young children, and whose husbands, for the greater part, are either in the army, prisoners, or dead. Some say, I have such a one sick at my house ; who will wait on them when I am gone? Others say, What are we to do? We have no house to go to, and no means to buy, build, or rent any; no parents, relatives or friends to go to. ... As you advanced, the people north of this fell back, and before your arival here a large portion of the people had retired south, so that the country south of this is already crowded
and without houses enough to accomodate the people ____ You know
the woe, the horrors and the suffering cannot be described by words ; imagination can only conceive of it, and we ask you to take these things into consideration."
Adjutant General Seventeenth Army Corps to Colonel First Alabama
Cavalry, (Federal) Nov. 20, 1864 : "____ the outrages committed by
your command during the march are becoming so common and are of such an aggravated nature that they call for some severe and instant mode of correction. Unless the pillaging of houses and wanton destruction of property by your regiment ceases at once, he (the Corps
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